Bollard v. California Province of the Society of Jesus

Q: What is the citation for California Province of the Society of Jesus?

The official citation for Bollard v. California Province of the Society of Jesus is 196 F.3d 940.

Q: What legal issues are involved in California Province of the Society of Jesus?

Bollard v. California Province of the Society of Jesus involves the following religious liberty issues: Church & State, Free Exercise, Workplace Accommodation.

A ministerial exception to statutory employment requirements protects religious organizations’ employment decisions regarding their ministers from government intrusion.

ReligiousLiberty.TV

February 26, 2026

0 min read

Citation: 196 F.3d 940 Year: 1999

Church & State Free Exercise Workplace Accommodation

Holding: A ministerial exception to statutory employment requirements protects religious organizations' employment decisions regarding their ministers from government intrusion.

Uses AI to generate a structured summary. Takes ~10 seconds.

Official Documents

No official documents found yet.

Coverage on ReligiousLiberty.TV

📎 Document links found in our articles: 📄 opinion

9th Circuit Holds 'Ministerial Exception' Bars Seminarian Employment Case March 21, 2010

Cited as context

Bollard v. California Province of the Society of Jesus (196 F.3d 940) is a Church & State case in 1999. The court held that a ministerial exception to statutory employment requirements protects religious organizations' employment decisions regarding their ministers from government intrusion.

1
Mahmoud v. Taylor606 U.S. 522 (2025)
3
U.S. Supreme Court
Parents have a fundamental right to direct the upbringing and medical care of their children without state interference.
📄 Opinion available
2
United States v. Don Lemon(2026)
2
U.S. District Court
Pending
The government indicted Don Lemon under the FACE Act for alleged coordination in disrupting religious worship, though judges…
3
Groff v. DeJoy600 U.S. 447 (2023)
2
U.S. Supreme Court
Employers cannot deny religious accommodation to workers unless it causes substantial increased costs or burdens on business operations.
📄 Opinion available
4
Bill 21 (Supreme Court of Canada Appeal)(2026)
2
U.S. Supreme Court
Pending
5
Troogstad v. City of Chicago25-1575 (2025)
2
Plaintiffs failed to demonstrate how a COVID-19 vaccine mandate burdened their specific religious practices under the Free Exercise…
📄 Opinion available
6
Wailes v. Jefferson County Public Schools(2025)
2
Remanded
District court dismissal of parents' challenge to school's policy of assigning students to overnight accommodations based on gender…
📄 Opinion available
7
Union Gospel Mission of Yakima Washington v. Nick Brown24-7246 (2026)
2
The First Amendment's church autonomy doctrine extends beyond the ministerial exception to protect a religious organization's decision to…
📄 Opinion available
8
Gilfillan v. City of Philadelphia637 F.2d 924 (1980)
2
Philadelphia violated the Establishment Clause by spending taxpayer funds to build a platform for a papal mass and…
📄 Opinion available
9
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.573 U.S. 682 (2014)
2
U.S. Supreme Court
Religious liberty protections under RFRA apply to closely held for-profit corporations.
📄 Opinion available
10
We the Patriots USA, Inc. v. State of Connecticut Department of EducationHHD-CV-22-6152413-S (2025)
2
State Appellate Court
The court dismissed state constitutional claims based on sovereign immunity but allowed a statutory religious liberty claim under…