Youth 71Five Ministries v. Williams
Oregon can enforce nondiscrimination rules for state-funded youth programs but cannot apply such rules to privately funded programs operated by religious nonprofits.
Chronological & Subject Repository
Topic: Workplace Accommodation
February 2026
Petersen v. Snohomish Regional Fire & Rescue
The Ninth Circuit affirmed that Snohomish Regional Fire and Rescue could deny religious exemptions from COVID-19 vaccine mandates without undue hardship.
Groff v. DeJoy
Employers cannot deny religious accommodation to workers unless it causes substantial increased costs or burdens on business operations.
Bill 21 Ruling (Quebec)
Bill 21 harmed minority groups but the override clause prevented the court from striking it down.
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church v. EEOC
The ministerial exception doctrine prohibits secular courts from reviewing employment claims brought by members of the clergy.
McRaney v. North American Mission Board
The ministerial exception applies to shield church employment decisions from secular scrutiny.
Obienu v. Archdiocese of New Orleans
All employment discrimination and retaliation claims against the church were barred under the ministerial exception doctrine as a matter of constitutional law.
Muldrow v. City of St. Louis
SCOTUS precedent establishing standards for evaluating religious accommodation claims under Title VII.
Mouatasem Zienni v. Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc.
An employee cannot sue for religious discrimination under Title VII without suffering an actual adverse employment action such as firing, demotion, or formal reprimand;…
Kimberly Ann Polk v. Montgomery County Board of Education
The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of a substitute teacher's lawsuit challenging a school district requirement to use students' preferred pronouns…