Carter v. Southwest Airlines

Q: What legal issues are involved in Southwest Airlines?

Carter v. Southwest Airlines involves the following religious liberty issues: Free Exercise, Workplace Accommodation.

The Fifth Circuit adopted a post-Groff analytical framework for Title VII religious discrimination claims, establishing three distinct claim categories and raising the evidentiary bar for the undue hardship defense.

ReligiousLiberty.TV

February 26, 2026 1 min read

Cite This Case

Carter v. Southwest Airlines (2025).

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Carter v. Southwest Airlines (2025). https://religiousliberty.tv/case-library/carter-v-southwest-airlines/

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⚠ No official reporter citation found for this case. Citation quality will improve once a reporter citation (e.g. 573 U.S. 682) is added to the case record.

Carter v. Southwest Airlines [2025] — The Fifth Circuit adopted a post-Groff analytical framework for Title VII religious discrimination claims, establishing three distinct claim categories and raising the evidentiary bar for the undue hardship defense. Source: ReligiousLiberty.TV (https://religiousliberty.tv/case-library/carter-v-southwest-airlines/, accessed July 3, 2026).

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⚠ No official reporter citation found for this case. Citation quality will improve once a reporter citation (e.g. 573 U.S. 682) is added to the case record.

Year: 2025

Free Exercise Workplace Accommodation

Holding: The Fifth Circuit adopted a post-Groff analytical framework for Title VII religious discrimination claims, establishing three distinct claim categories and raising the evidentiary bar for the undue hardship defense.

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Official Documents

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Coverage on ReligiousLiberty.TV

📎 Document links found in our articles: 📄 CourtListener PDF

Analysis: Appeals Court Halts Religious Liberty Training for Southwest Airlines Lawyers June 12, 2024

Primary coverage 📎 CourtListener PDF

Carter v. Southwest Airlines is a Free Exercise case in 2025. The court held that the Fifth Circuit adopted a post-Groff analytical framework for Title VII religious discrimination claims, establishing three distinct claim categories and raising the evidentiary bar for the undue hardship defense.