Holding: An employee cannot sue for religious discrimination under Title VII without suffering an actual adverse employment action such as firing, demotion, or formal reprimand; fear of discipline or psychological stress alone is insufficient.
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Official Documents
Mouatasem Zienni v. Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc. (No. 24-13932) is a Free Exercise case in 2025. The court held that an employee cannot sue for religious discrimination under Title VII without suffering an actual adverse employment action such as firing, demotion, or formal reprimand; fear of discipline or psychological stress alone is insufficient.