4th Circuit Decision (WWI Memorial Cross)
A cross-shaped WWI memorial erected in 1925 on public land has the primary effect of excessively endorsing religion…
Van Order v. Perry
The Supreme Court upheld Ten Commandments display on public property.
Marsh v. Chambers
A religious symbol or symbolic act that is part of the fabric of society can remain undisturbed.
Gaylor v. Mnuchin
A clergy-specific tax-free housing allowance provision in the IRS code is constitutional and falls within the play between…
Gaylor v. Peecher
The Seventh Circuit will decide whether a tax-exempt housing allowance for clergy violates the Establishment Clause.
American Legion v. American Humanist Association
A 94-year-old WWI cross on public land in Maryland is not prohibited by the Establishment Clause because the…
Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck
The First Amendment constrains state action, not private conduct, and churches and priests are not state actors.
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
A school voucher program that includes religious schools does not violate the Establishment Clause.
Illinois ex rel. McCollum v. Board of Education
A state cannot use the public school system to aid religious faiths in the dissemination of their doctrines…
Agostini v. Felton
The Court modified the Establishment Clause test to develop three criteria for determining whether government action's primary effect…